{
    "bundle_id": "scenario-a-sggmrs-container",
    "bundle_version": "1.0.1",
    "schema_version": "1.0.1",
    "generated_at": "2026-04-21T15:40:38+00:00",
    "generator": "Kerne X.80 · pull_scenario_a_bundle",
    "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/transport/rail/v1/scenario-a-sggmrs-container/bundle.json",
    "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/transport/rail/v1/scenario-a-sggmrs-container/bundle.json",
    "title": "Scenario A — Container Wagon (Sggmrs(s) 90') Reference Failure Modes",
    "description": "297 failure modes from BAV/AVV Fehlerkatalog (rev. 2021) applicable to six-axle articulated intermodal container wagons. Regulatory corpus subset filtered by wagon-type applicability.",
    "prepared_by": "Gehrig Partner AG · Kerne · Physical Asset Intelligence",
    "source_registry": {
        "source_id": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
        "source_name": "BAV/AVV Fehlerkatalog (Technisches Berichtsformular / Tableau des Localités)",
        "source_version": "rev. 2021",
        "publisher": "Bundesamt für Verkehr (BAV) — Swiss Federal Office of Transport",
        "scope": "Rail freight wagons (TITEL 1 entries) — interoperable European standard-gauge network",
        "entry_count_total": 403,
        "entry_count_scenario": 297,
        "ingest_format": "kerne-fmcatalog-v1.0",
        "schema_version": "1.0"
    },
    "fm_uid_scheme": {
        "algorithm": "sha256",
        "input": "source_id + \"|\" + catalog_code",
        "prefix": "FM-",
        "hex_length": 12,
        "deterministic": true,
        "reproducibility_note": "FMuid = \"FM-\" + sha256(\"BAV-AVV-TBL-2021|\" + catalog_code).hex[0:12]"
    },
    "iri_scheme": {
        "identifier_base": "https://kerne.systems/corpus",
        "resolver_base": "https://openrxm.org/corpus",
        "fm_path": "/fm/{fm_uid}",
        "entity_path": "/entity/{entity_id}",
        "binding": "dual"
    },
    "entity_count": 1,
    "failure_mode_count": 297,
    "chapter_distribution": {
        "1": 51,
        "2": 26,
        "3": 34,
        "4": 28,
        "5": 31,
        "6": 54,
        "7": 67,
        "10": 6
    },
    "entities": [
        {
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/entity/ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/entity/ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "name": "Container Wagon — Sggmrs Reference Template",
            "asset_class": "Container Wagon",
            "industry": "Rail Freight",
            "fleet_template_id": "BENCH-SGGMRS-104",
            "uic_type_code": "Sggmrs(s)",
            "uic_class_letters": {
                "S": "Flat bogie wagon",
                "gg": "Fitted for containers, loading length > 20 m",
                "m": "Loading length with 2 elements, >= 27 m",
                "r": "Articulated wagon",
                "s": "Approved for train speeds up to 120 km/h"
            },
            "rolling_stock_class": "6-axle articulated intermodal container wagon",
            "configuration": {
                "axles": 6,
                "bogies": 3,
                "platforms": 2,
                "articulated": true,
                "max_speed_kmh": 120,
                "axle_load_t": 22.5,
                "length_over_buffers_mm": 29590,
                "loading_length_mm": 27640,
                "loading_length_ft": 90,
                "payload_max_t": 106,
                "tare_t": 29,
                "wheel_diameter_mm": 920,
                "brake_system": "KE-GP-A 16\"",
                "gauge_mm": 1435
            },
            "standards": [
                "TSI WAG",
                "EN 12663-2",
                "UIC 571-4",
                "UIC 592",
                "ISO 668",
                "IRS 50596-5",
                "IRS 50596-6"
            ],
            "tso_marking": "TEN GE",
            "loading_profile": "G1 + GI1",
            "world": "earth",
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "description": "Six-axle articulated flat bogie wagon with gg (container) + m (≥27 m loading length) + r (articulated) + s (120 km/h) designations. Two platforms on three bogies. Suitable for ISO containers of various lengths (20/30/40/45 ft) and swap bodies per UIC 592 / IRS 50596-6."
        }
    ],
    "failure_modes": [
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-a8b7f1365c3b",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-a8b7f1365c3b",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-a8b7f1365c3b",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.1.1",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.1.1",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyred wheel: | - thickness less than 35 mm on wagon suitable for running at 120 km/h (SS wagons or wagons marked \"**\"),  | - 30 mm on other wagons",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tyred Wheel – geometry / clip failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Inspect tyre thickness ≥35/30mm; clip integrity; rust <1/3 circumf. Monitor per EN 15313 §6.2.1.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.1 – tyre geometry limits. RIVAS D2.7 §2.2.3.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-6deed1dfa057",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-6deed1dfa057",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-6deed1dfa057",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.1.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.1.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyre  | - broken, cracked lengthways or crossways",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tyred Wheel – geometry / clip failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Inspect tyre thickness ≥35/30mm; clip integrity; rust <1/3 circumf. Monitor per EN 15313 §6.2.1.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.1 – tyre geometry limits. RIVAS D2.7 §2.2.3.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-a5be265f39c6",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-a5be265f39c6",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-a5be265f39c6",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.1.3",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.1.3",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyre loose: | 1) inspections marks inconsistent,  | 2) unclear ring,  | 3) tyre clip loose,  | 4) appearance of rust between the tyre and the rim over more than one third of the circumference",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tyred Wheel – geometry / clip failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Inspect tyre thickness ≥35/30mm; clip integrity; rust <1/3 circumf. Monitor per EN 15313 §6.2.1.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.1 – tyre geometry limits. RIVAS D2.7 §2.2.3.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-b0cfbc496b26",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-b0cfbc496b26",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-b0cfbc496b26",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.1.4",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.1.4",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Inspection marks on tyre missing or not clearly identifiable",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tyred Wheel – geometry / clip failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Inspect tyre thickness ≥35/30mm; clip integrity; rust <1/3 circumf. Monitor per EN 15313 §6.2.1.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.1 – tyre geometry limits. RIVAS D2.7 §2.2.3.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-e9cc4fbbbf53",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-e9cc4fbbbf53",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-e9cc4fbbbf53",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.1.5",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.1.5",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyre shifted sideways, tyre clip loose or visibly distorted",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tyred Wheel – geometry / clip failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Inspect tyre thickness ≥35/30mm; clip integrity; rust <1/3 circumf. Monitor per EN 15313 §6.2.1.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.1 – tyre geometry limits. RIVAS D2.7 §2.2.3.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-6f9b7680d795",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-6f9b7680d795",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-6f9b7680d795",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.1.6",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.1.6",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Damage to tyre clip:",
            "detection_signs": "1) cracked, 2) broken, 3) missing",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tyred Wheel – geometry / clip failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Inspect tyre thickness ≥35/30mm; clip integrity; rust <1/3 circumf. Monitor per EN 15313 §6.2.1.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.1 – tyre geometry limits. RIVAS D2.7 §2.2.3.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-1cdb341b32c6",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-1cdb341b32c6",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-1cdb341b32c6",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.2.1",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.2.1",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Solid wheel: groove marking the minimum thickness is no longer fully visible in cross-section",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Solid Wheel – groove wear / thermal damage",
            "rivas_mitigation": "OOR monitoring via DafuR/GOTCHA/WLC. Preventive reprofiling every ~70 000 km at 1 mm depth (RIVAS §2.5.4 scraping principle).",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.2.3 Table 2.2 – thermal overload, OOR groove.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-5e92a4929297",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-5e92a4929297",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-5e92a4929297",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.2.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.2.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Solid wheel: thermal overload due to braking: | 1) obviously recent paint burns of 50 mm or more at connection between rim and wheel plate (cracks and shelling on paint);",
            "detection_signs": "2) traces of rust on rim (plate not panted);  | 3) fusion of brake blocks;  | 4) deterioration of wheel tread with build-up of metal; | 5) uneven blueish appearance due to the effect of thermal overload",
            "required_action": "nach AVV Anhang 8 Punkt 3 verfahren",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "OTC",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Solid Wheel – groove wear / thermal damage",
            "rivas_mitigation": "OOR monitoring via DafuR/GOTCHA/WLC. Preventive reprofiling every ~70 000 km at 1 mm depth (RIVAS §2.5.4 scraping principle).",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.2.3 Table 2.2 – thermal overload, OOR groove.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-b00e2e547b79",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-b00e2e547b79",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-b00e2e547b79",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.3.1.1",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.3.1.1",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyre or corresponding part of solid wheel:",
            "detection_signs": "width > 139 mm, ≤ 140 mm | * presence of a projection",
            "required_action": "Muster M",
            "avv_class": "3",
            "rcm_task_type": "OTC",
            "severity": 3,
            "likelihood": 4,
            "risk_index": "Medium",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tread Defects – flats, spreading, RCF, polygons, OOR",
            "rivas_mitigation": "FMEA-based mitigation: adjust reprofiling intervals; apply steering bogies; improve friction management (RIVAS §4.2.4). Limit: flat >60mm (d≥840mm) → detach.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §4.2.2 Table 4.1 – tread defects: flats, spreading, polygons, RCF clusters.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-fb6b25b84bc6",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-fb6b25b84bc6",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-fb6b25b84bc6",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.3.1.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.3.1.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyre or corresponding part of solid wheel:",
            "detection_signs": "width > 140 mm, < 133 mm | * presence of a projection",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tread Defects – flats, spreading, RCF, polygons, OOR",
            "rivas_mitigation": "FMEA-based mitigation: adjust reprofiling intervals; apply steering bogies; improve friction management (RIVAS §4.2.4). Limit: flat >60mm (d≥840mm) → detach.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §4.2.2 Table 4.1 – tread defects: flats, spreading, polygons, RCF clusters.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-e634e45ac8c0",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-e634e45ac8c0",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-e634e45ac8c0",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.3.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.3.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyre or corresponding part of solid wheel:",
            "detection_signs": "tread crushed in places, uneven contact surfaces or irregular protrusions on the wheel rim",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tread Defects – flats, spreading, RCF, polygons, OOR",
            "rivas_mitigation": "FMEA-based mitigation: adjust reprofiling intervals; apply steering bogies; improve friction management (RIVAS §4.2.4). Limit: flat >60mm (d≥840mm) → detach.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §4.2.2 Table 4.1 – tread defects: flats, spreading, polygons, RCF clusters.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-4146ddf0b4dd",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-4146ddf0b4dd",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-4146ddf0b4dd",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.3.3.1",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.3.3.1",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyre or corresponding part of solid wheel: | wheel flat",
            "detection_signs": "wheel diameter ≥ 840 mm,  | wheel flat > 60 mm long",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tread Defects – flats, spreading, RCF, polygons, OOR",
            "rivas_mitigation": "FMEA-based mitigation: adjust reprofiling intervals; apply steering bogies; improve friction management (RIVAS §4.2.4). Limit: flat >60mm (d≥840mm) → detach.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §4.2.2 Table 4.1 – tread defects: flats, spreading, polygons, RCF clusters.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-0805cd9a2f6f",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-0805cd9a2f6f",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-0805cd9a2f6f",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.3.3.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.3.3.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyre or corresponding part of solid wheel: | wheel flat",
            "detection_signs": "wheel diameter 630 mm < d ≤ 840 mm,  | wheel flat > 40 mm long",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tread Defects – flats, spreading, RCF, polygons, OOR",
            "rivas_mitigation": "FMEA-based mitigation: adjust reprofiling intervals; apply steering bogies; improve friction management (RIVAS §4.2.4). Limit: flat >60mm (d≥840mm) → detach.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §4.2.2 Table 4.1 – tread defects: flats, spreading, polygons, RCF clusters.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-114fcad08d14",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-114fcad08d14",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-114fcad08d14",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.3.3.3",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.3.3.3",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyre or corresponding part of solid wheel: | wheel flat",
            "detection_signs": "wheel diameter ≤ 630 mm,  | wheel flat > 35 mm long",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tread Defects – flats, spreading, RCF, polygons, OOR",
            "rivas_mitigation": "FMEA-based mitigation: adjust reprofiling intervals; apply steering bogies; improve friction management (RIVAS §4.2.4). Limit: flat >60mm (d≥840mm) → detach.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §4.2.2 Table 4.1 – tread defects: flats, spreading, polygons, RCF clusters.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
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            "fm_uid": "FM-358b54433af1",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-358b54433af1",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-358b54433af1",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.3.8.3",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.3.8.3",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Formation of grooves, hollows/furrows, false flanges (hollows): | - furrows and false flanges > 2 mm deep",
            "detection_signs": "(Hollows/furrows appear on the entire circumference of the wheel and may affect the whole width of the wheel tread; they are characterised by a rounded contour, with no transition to sharp edges.",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Tread Defects – flats, spreading, RCF, polygons, OOR",
            "rivas_mitigation": "FMEA-based mitigation: adjust reprofiling intervals; apply steering bogies; improve friction management (RIVAS §4.2.4). Limit: flat >60mm (d≥840mm) → detach.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §4.2.2 Table 4.1 – tread defects: flats, spreading, polygons, RCF clusters.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-a4e8f58b6d6c",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-a4e8f58b6d6c",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-a4e8f58b6d6c",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.4.1",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.4.1",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Height of flange \"Sh\"  | - greater than 36 mm  | * hollow on wheel tread",
            "detection_signs": "Wagon with LL brake blocks and permissible speed greater than 100 km/h: | - Height of wheel flange Sh greater than 32 mm | * hollow on wheel tread",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Flange geometry – Sh, Sd, qR out of limits",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Reprofiling to restore S1002/P8 profile. qR ≤ 6.5mm → detach (RIVAS §4.2.2). Monitor via Miniprof / ARGUS.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.1 – flange height Sh, thickness Sd, qR limits.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-b3118f6cd8c1",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-b3118f6cd8c1",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-b3118f6cd8c1",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.4.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.4.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Flange thickness Sd out of tolerances | 1) wheel Ø  ≥  840 mm: Sd < 22 mm; | 2) wheel Ø 760 < d ≤  840 mm: Sd < 25 mm | 3) wheel Ø ≤ 760 mm: Sd < 27.5 mm",
            "detection_signs": "4) Rad Ø > 330 mm on wagons with LL- or K- brake blocks: Sd > 33 mm |  | * worn flange",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Flange geometry – Sh, Sd, qR out of limits",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Reprofiling to restore S1002/P8 profile. qR ≤ 6.5mm → detach (RIVAS §4.2.2). Monitor via Miniprof / ARGUS.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.1 – flange height Sh, thickness Sd, qR limits.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-44af36d6a662",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-44af36d6a662",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-44af36d6a662",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.4.3",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.4.3",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Wear of guide faces, qR ≤ 6.5 mm",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen, siehe Anhang 4 AVV",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Flange geometry – Sh, Sd, qR out of limits",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Reprofiling to restore S1002/P8 profile. qR ≤ 6.5mm → detach (RIVAS §4.2.2). Monitor via Miniprof / ARGUS.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.1 – flange height Sh, thickness Sd, qR limits.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-1f85106a6522",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-1f85106a6522",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-1f85106a6522",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.4.4",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.4.4",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Flange: Burrs or sharp edges on guide face at a distance h > 2 mm from maximum height of flange",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen, siehe Anhang 4 AVV",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Flange geometry – Sh, Sd, qR out of limits",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Reprofiling to restore S1002/P8 profile. qR ≤ 6.5mm → detach (RIVAS §4.2.2). Monitor via Miniprof / ARGUS.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.1 – flange height Sh, thickness Sd, qR limits.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-e81a4525118d",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-e81a4525118d",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-e81a4525118d",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.5.1",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.5.1",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Solid Wheel: | Damage to wheel centre or wheel hub | 1) cracked,  | 2) defect repaired by welding",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Wheel centre / hub – cracks, breaks",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Visual + NDT inspection in workshop. Broken hub → immediate withdrawal.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §4.2.2 – wheel centre / hub failure modes.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-78a5cab02aed",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-78a5cab02aed",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-78a5cab02aed",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.5.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.5.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Tyred wheel: damage to wheel centre, tyre clip, tyre: | 1) cracked, | 2) broken, | 3) defect repaired by welding",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Wheel centre / hub – cracks, breaks",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Visual + NDT inspection in workshop. Broken hub → immediate withdrawal.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §4.2.2 – wheel centre / hub failure modes.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-22c947887224",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-22c947887224",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-22c947887224",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.6.1",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.6.1",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Damage to axle: 1) cracked, 2) deformed, 3) defect repaired by welding, 4) sharp edge, 5) worn to a depth  > 1 mm",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle – cracks, deformation, weld repairs",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Ultrasonic NDT at overhaul. Corrosion protection per EN 15313 §6.2.2. Stress marks ≤1mm → Muster K + R1.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.2 – axle damage definitions.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-f1d67c87f225",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-f1d67c87f225",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-f1d67c87f225",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.6.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.6.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Stress mark on axle ≤ 1mm, no sharp edges",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Muster K und R1 (Bremse ausschalten)",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "OTC",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle – cracks, deformation, weld repairs",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Ultrasonic NDT at overhaul. Corrosion protection per EN 15313 §6.2.2. Stress marks ≤1mm → Muster K + R1.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.2 – axle damage definitions.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-1041e94fb669",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-1041e94fb669",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-1041e94fb669",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.6.3",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.6.3",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Part rubbing against axle",
            "detection_signs": "(also check 1.6.1 and 1.6.2)",
            "required_action": "Hochbinden + K, evtl. R1 (Bremse ausschalten), wenn nicht möglich: aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle – cracks, deformation, weld repairs",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Ultrasonic NDT at overhaul. Corrosion protection per EN 15313 §6.2.2. Stress marks ≤1mm → Muster K + R1.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.2 – axle damage definitions.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-59c9d9b02e4c",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-59c9d9b02e4c",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-59c9d9b02e4c",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.6.4",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.6.4",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Axle: | **corrosion protection damaged (if  1.6.1, 1.6.2 or 1.6.3 are inapplicable)",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": null,
            "avv_class": "3",
            "rcm_task_type": "PM",
            "severity": 3,
            "likelihood": 4,
            "risk_index": "Medium",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle – cracks, deformation, weld repairs",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Ultrasonic NDT at overhaul. Corrosion protection per EN 15313 §6.2.2. Stress marks ≤1mm → Muster K + R1.",
            "standard_reference": "EN 15313 §6.2.2 – axle damage definitions.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-2b1228f8c5a4",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-2b1228f8c5a4",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-2b1228f8c5a4",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.7.1",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.7.1",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Wheelset: clearance E between internal faces non-compliant with the limit values (see GCU)",
            "detection_signs": "* signs of derailment | * signs of movement of wheel on axle | * heating (solid wheel) in fillet zone between web and rim/tyre",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Out-of-Roundness (OOR) – operating signs",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Track-based detection: DafuR (DE), GOTCHA (NL), WLC (CH-SBB). Two or more OOR signs → Muster K with note. RIVAS §2.3.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.3.1 – OOR detection; signs include DafuR/GOTCHA triggers.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-6aac3bc45170",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-6aac3bc45170",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-6aac3bc45170",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.7.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.7.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Signs of out-of-roud wheels (if at least thow of thes signs are noted on or near a wheel): 1) brake triangle pin sheared off; 2) brake safety stirrup broken, 3) Shiny traces on the brake triangle | end washer; 4) shiny traces on the inner spring;",
            "detection_signs": "5) Lifting safety catch (\"T\") missing or loose",
            "required_action": "Werden mind. 2 Merkmale in der Umgebung des Rades festgestellt: Muster K mit Vermerk \"Verdacht auf unrundes Rad\"",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "OTC",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Out-of-Roundness (OOR) – operating signs",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Track-based detection: DafuR (DE), GOTCHA (NL), WLC (CH-SBB). Two or more OOR signs → Muster K with note. RIVAS §2.3.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.3.1 – OOR detection; signs include DafuR/GOTCHA triggers.",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-3c328bd130d4",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-3c328bd130d4",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-3c328bd130d4",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.8.1.1",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.8.1.1",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Axle box: Housing not watertight, defect allowing water or dust to enter",
            "detection_signs": "1) cracked or broken housing;  | 2) missing plug (the loss of the protective cover of | the centring cone is permissible),  | ** 3) bolts on axel box loosened or lost",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle Box – housing, hot box, lubricant loss",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Hot box temp rise 30–60 s to catastrophic bearing failure. Withdraw immediately. RIVAS §2.3.2.1 reactive systems.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.3.1 – axle box hot box (30–60 s to catastrophic).",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-32867c150cf3",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-32867c150cf3",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-32867c150cf3",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.8.1.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.8.1.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Axle box - loss of lubrificant: grase or oil discharge on the wheel centre",
            "detection_signs": "** if soiling covers more than 20% of wheel disc",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle Box – housing, hot box, lubricant loss",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Hot box temp rise 30–60 s to catastrophic bearing failure. Withdraw immediately. RIVAS §2.3.2.1 reactive systems.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.3.1 – axle box hot box (30–60 s to catastrophic).",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-940996268de2",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-940996268de2",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-940996268de2",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.8.1.3",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.8.1.3",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Axle box - lubrificant: trace of grease or oil on the housing at the level of the cover",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Muster K",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "OTC",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle Box – housing, hot box, lubricant loss",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Hot box temp rise 30–60 s to catastrophic bearing failure. Withdraw immediately. RIVAS §2.3.2.1 reactive systems.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.3.1 – axle box hot box (30–60 s to catastrophic).",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-a135949e37e6",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-a135949e37e6",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-a135949e37e6",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.8.1.4",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.8.1.4",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "** Axle box: locking plate",
            "detection_signs": "1) on Rola-NT-wagons: two or more plates per  screw missing or cracked, without loose of lubrificant | 2) other wagons with locking plate: screw not secured",
            "required_action": null,
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "OTC",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle Box – housing, hot box, lubricant loss",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Hot box temp rise 30–60 s to catastrophic bearing failure. Withdraw immediately. RIVAS §2.3.2.1 reactive systems.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.3.1 – axle box hot box (30–60 s to catastrophic).",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-6850d0fdbfed",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-6850d0fdbfed",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-6850d0fdbfed",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.8.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.8.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Axle box: guides no longer able to guide the axle",
            "detection_signs": "*guide broken  | *axle-box in abnormal position",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle Box – housing, hot box, lubricant loss",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Hot box temp rise 30–60 s to catastrophic bearing failure. Withdraw immediately. RIVAS §2.3.2.1 reactive systems.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.3.1 – axle box hot box (30–60 s to catastrophic).",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-e3250016d64a",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-e3250016d64a",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-e3250016d64a",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.8.3.1",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.8.3.1",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Axle box: hot box",
            "detection_signs": "1) housing too hot to touch with back of hand | * traces of rust",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle Box – housing, hot box, lubricant loss",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Hot box temp rise 30–60 s to catastrophic bearing failure. Withdraw immediately. RIVAS §2.3.2.1 reactive systems.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.3.1 – axle box hot box (30–60 s to catastrophic).",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-2546dec44c78",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-2546dec44c78",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-2546dec44c78",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.8.3.2",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.8.3.2",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Axle box: hot box",
            "detection_signs": "Confirmation by the RU of box overheating during transport (Observation by automatic detection – Observation outside the scope of TI by special inspection)",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle Box – housing, hot box, lubricant loss",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Hot box temp rise 30–60 s to catastrophic bearing failure. Withdraw immediately. RIVAS §2.3.2.1 reactive systems.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.3.1 – axle box hot box (30–60 s to catastrophic).",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-1b0fd0f736bb",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-1b0fd0f736bb",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-1b0fd0f736bb",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "1.8.4",
            "chapter": 1,
            "chapter_label": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "rds_component": "1.8.4",
            "system": "Wheelsets & Axle Boxes",
            "failure_mode": "Hard manganese wear plate on axle box of Y bogie or derivative designs | - displaced or missing",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Axle Box – housing, hot box, lubricant loss",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Hot box temp rise 30–60 s to catastrophic bearing failure. Withdraw immediately. RIVAS §2.3.2.1 reactive systems.",
            "standard_reference": "RIVAS D2.7 §2.3.1 – axle box hot box (30–60 s to catastrophic).",
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-663a66000b02",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-663a66000b02",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-663a66000b02",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.1.1",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.1.1",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Leaves displaced by more than 10 mm with respect to buckle",
            "detection_signs": "* shiny marks near buckle",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Leaf spring – displacement, fracture, buckle failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Check leaf displacement vs buckle; main leaf crack → immediate detach. Fracture of intermediate leaf >1/4 length → detach; ≤1/4 → Muster M.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-c040742943da",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-c040742943da",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-c040742943da",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.1.2",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.1.2",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Main leaf fractured or with visible crack",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Leaf spring – displacement, fracture, buckle failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Check leaf displacement vs buckle; main leaf crack → immediate detach. Fracture of intermediate leaf >1/4 length → detach; ≤1/4 → Muster M.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-ddc0c24bd815",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-ddc0c24bd815",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-ddc0c24bd815",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.1.3",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.1.3",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Part of a fractured spring missing",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Leaf spring – displacement, fracture, buckle failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Check leaf displacement vs buckle; main leaf crack → immediate detach. Fracture of intermediate leaf >1/4 length → detach; ≤1/4 → Muster M.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-23fff71a8495",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-23fff71a8495",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-23fff71a8495",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.1.4.1",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.1.4.1",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Fracture of intermediate leaf, without any part missing, at a distance from the center of the spring of",
            "detection_signs": "<  1/4 of leaf length",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Leaf spring – displacement, fracture, buckle failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Check leaf displacement vs buckle; main leaf crack → immediate detach. Fracture of intermediate leaf >1/4 length → detach; ≤1/4 → Muster M.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-548de4f59655",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-548de4f59655",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-548de4f59655",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.1.4.2",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.1.4.2",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Fracture of intermediate leaf, without any part missing, at a distance from the center of the spring of",
            "detection_signs": "> 1/4 of leaf length",
            "required_action": "Muster M",
            "avv_class": "3",
            "rcm_task_type": "OTC",
            "severity": 3,
            "likelihood": 4,
            "risk_index": "Medium",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Leaf spring – displacement, fracture, buckle failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Check leaf displacement vs buckle; main leaf crack → immediate detach. Fracture of intermediate leaf >1/4 length → detach; ≤1/4 → Muster M.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-b4d376125ccb",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-b4d376125ccb",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-b4d376125ccb",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.1.5",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.1.5",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Insufficient spring clearenc: vertaical distance between buckle an fixed parts of body, underframe or bogie frame less than 15 mm",
            "detection_signs": "*) sings of recent contact between buckle and fixed parts of the underframe or bogie frame; *) sings of recent contact between wheel and underframe or wagon floor / body",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Leaf spring – displacement, fracture, buckle failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Check leaf displacement vs buckle; main leaf crack → immediate detach. Fracture of intermediate leaf >1/4 length → detach; ≤1/4 → Muster M.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-d9b09d5dcaa9",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-d9b09d5dcaa9",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-d9b09d5dcaa9",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.1.6",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.1.6",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Buckle loose:  | - fracture or crack in buckle, | - key missing or ineffective",
            "detection_signs": "*sings of loosening of leaves",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Leaf spring – displacement, fracture, buckle failure",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Check leaf displacement vs buckle; main leaf crack → immediate detach. Fracture of intermediate leaf >1/4 length → detach; ≤1/4 → Muster M.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-c52de031028c",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-c52de031028c",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-c52de031028c",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.2.1.1",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.2.1.1",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Parabolic spring: main or intermediate spring leaf visible crack or break",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Parabolic spring – crack, displacement, buckle",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Two leaves touching >50% of length → detach. Displacement >10mm → detach; ≤10mm → Muster K.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-68ed07f0f578",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-68ed07f0f578",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-68ed07f0f578",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.2.1.2",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.2.1.2",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Parabolic spring: in buckle broken | * two leaves touching over 50% of their length",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Parabolic spring – crack, displacement, buckle",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Two leaves touching >50% of length → detach. Displacement >10mm → detach; ≤10mm → Muster K.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-ebe2269c4835",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-ebe2269c4835",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-ebe2269c4835",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.2.2.1",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.2.2.1",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Parabolic spring: leaf displaced by more than 10 mm",
            "detection_signs": "*shiny marks near buckle",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "4",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 4,
            "likelihood": 3,
            "risk_index": "High",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Parabolic spring – crack, displacement, buckle",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Two leaves touching >50% of length → detach. Displacement >10mm → detach; ≤10mm → Muster K.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-7c7e00e3154b",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-7c7e00e3154b",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-7c7e00e3154b",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.2.2.2",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.2.2.2",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Parabolic spring: leaf displaced ≤ 10 mm",
            "detection_signs": "*shiny marks near buckle",
            "required_action": "Muster K",
            "avv_class": "3",
            "rcm_task_type": "OTC",
            "severity": 3,
            "likelihood": 4,
            "risk_index": "Medium",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Parabolic spring – crack, displacement, buckle",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Two leaves touching >50% of length → detach. Displacement >10mm → detach; ≤10mm → Muster K.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-8ea01b7171bf",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-8ea01b7171bf",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-8ea01b7171bf",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.2.3",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.2.3",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Buckle damaged or loose",
            "detection_signs": "- buckle fractured, cracked | - lug of the lower key cracked | - weld seam of upper key fractured or cracked",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Parabolic spring – crack, displacement, buckle",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Two leaves touching >50% of length → detach. Displacement >10mm → detach; ≤10mm → Muster K.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
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        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-b51f702c99e3",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-b51f702c99e3",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-b51f702c99e3",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.3.1",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.3.1",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Helical spring broken",
            "detection_signs": null,
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Helical spring – fracture",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Broken helical spring → immediate detach. Visual detection in workshop walk-around.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
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            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
        },
        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-9cd0efbb4979",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-9cd0efbb4979",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-9cd0efbb4979",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.4.1",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.4.1",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Connection between suspension and axle box or between suspension and bogie frame:",
            "detection_signs": "- Boss of buckle out of position | * abnormal position of axle box",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Suspension–axle box / bogie frame connection",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Shackles, links, pins. Inoperative connection → immediate detach. Worn links → Muster K.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
            ],
            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
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        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-d631f02a2f74",
            "identifier": "https://kerne.systems/corpus/fm/FM-d631f02a2f74",
            "resolver": "https://openrxm.org/corpus/fm/FM-d631f02a2f74",
            "entity_id": "ASSET-f1832bcabf20",
            "catalog_code": "2.4.2",
            "chapter": 2,
            "chapter_label": "Suspension",
            "rds_component": "2.4.2",
            "system": "Suspension",
            "failure_mode": "Connection between suspension and axle box or between suspension and bogie frame:",
            "detection_signs": "- Shackle, links displaced, missing, broken, unhooked",
            "required_action": "Aussetzen",
            "avv_class": "5",
            "rcm_task_type": "FF",
            "severity": 5,
            "likelihood": 2,
            "risk_index": "Critical",
            "rivas_failure_mode": "Suspension–axle box / bogie frame connection",
            "rivas_mitigation": "Shackles, links, pins. Inoperative connection → immediate detach. Worn links → Muster K.",
            "standard_reference": null,
            "applicability": [
                "all"
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            "corpus_source": "BAV-AVV-TBL-2021",
            "source": "regulation",
            "status": "active"
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        {
            "fm_uid": "FM-9a58a665a9e4",
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            "detection_signs": "Fresh signs of bottoming between axle-box housing and bogie frame | * Clearance < 8 mm",
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            "failure_mode": "Brake, mecanical part:",
            "detection_signs": "Brake isolating cock (see also Annex 10 GCU) | - position unclear",
            "required_action": "Muster K + R1 (Bremse ausschalten), wenn erforderlich aussetzen",
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            "detection_signs": "- missing | - broken, cracked right through, even if still held together by ist metal insert | - worn so that thickness X near brake block holder is < 10 mm",
            "required_action": "Ersatz, wenn nicht möglich Bremse ausschalten, Muster K + R1",
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            "chapter": 3,
            "chapter_label": "Brakes",
            "rds_component": "3.2.2",
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            "failure_mode": "Brake block, composite:  | 1) missing,  | 2) radial crack from friction surface through plate edge (exept expansion joint),  | Friction material:  | 3) crumbling > 1/4 of block length, metail inclusions",
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            "required_action": "wenn nötig abhelfen + Muster K; wenn nicht möglich: aussetzen",
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            "detection_signs": null,
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            "required_action": "Vorläufige Reparatur und Muster K; wenn nicht möglich, aussetzen",
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            "required_action": "Vorläufige Reparatur + Muster M; wenn nicht möglich: aussetzen",
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            "detection_signs": "contact between parts of the semi-trailer and wagon (other than the wheels, skids and longitudinal members in the intended support areas)",
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    "standards_cited": [
        "EN 15313:2016 — Railway applications. In-service wheelset operation requirements",
        "GM/RT2466 — Requirements for the train wheel/rail interface",
        "GCU Annex 8 — Technical conditions for wagons admitted to exchange traffic",
        "GCU Annex 10 — Transfer of freight wagons not complying with the UIC leaflets",
        "RID/RSD — Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail",
        "UIC Loading Guidelines — Rules for loading and securing of goods",
        "UIC 432 — Wagons. Running speeds. Technical conditions"
    ],
    "license": {
        "terms": "Regulatory source (BAV AVV Annex 9 — Tableau des Localités, rev. 2021). Kerne-stamped UIDs and canonical URLs CC-BY-4.0.",
        "attribution": "BAV (Bundesamt für Verkehr) for source; Gehrig Partner AG / Kerne for corpus curation and identifier scheme."
    }
}